James McNeill Whistler
1834–1903

Whistler's early 1870s Nocturnes connected painting with musical ideas of arrangement. He argued for the independence of artistic form. His patrons included Chicago collector Arthur Jerome Eddy, who traveled to his Paris studio for a portrait and became a lasting friend.
Works
Nocturne: Blue and Gold—Southampton Water
Arrangement in Flesh Color and Brown: Portrait of Arthur Jerome Eddy
Arrangement in Flesh Colour and Black: Portrait of Theodore Duret
Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (The Artist's Mother)
Sources
James McNeill Whistler · Gift of Edith Stuyvesant Gerry; National Gallery of Art, Washington; 1959.3.2 · Public domain (NGA Open Access) Portrait source · Licence