Thomas Cole
1801–1848

Cole developed large landscapes from travel and observation, including a visit to Niagara Falls in 1829. He worried about industrial growth's effects on nature. At the same time, romantic images of American wilderness could obscure Indigenous displacement.
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Frederic Edwin Church, 4 May 1826 - 7 Apr 1900 · National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; npg_NPG.80.3 · CC0 1.0 Portrait source · Licence